For a chord to sound in tune, the third will need to be lowered (lowered by 14 cents) and the fifth will need to be raised (raised by 2 cents). A major chord is made of three notes (the root, the third, and the fifth). Not enough air support will make the note flat. For wind instruments and vocalists, air support can impact a note's intonation. You might be able to fix this by finding a different fingering combination. Some fingerings have natural tendencies to be flat or sharp. However, many instruments have multiple ways to play the same pitch (For example: on a trumpet, pressing the first and second valve is the same as pressing just the third valve). The same is true for all wind instruments. When a trombone player extends the slide, the pitch gets lower. An easy example to picture is the trombone. Wind instruments change the pitch by making the instrument longer or shorter. Instruments will require periodic tuning after an hour of continuous play. This can be challenging if the ambient temperature is extreme and for wind players as instruments heat up as they play due to hot air. If an instrument is cold, it will tend to be flat.
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